Images by Sol
W = Watson Camera
H = Helicopter Camera N = Navcam & Hazcam
1561 – 1562: — 1560: N: 26 1559: N: 7 1558: N: 22 1557: N: 6 1556: N: 38 1555: W: 42, N: 2 1554: N: 5 1553: W: 2 1552: W: 32, N:103 1551: N: 24 1550: N: 7 1549: N: 24 1548: W: 69, N: 46 1547: N: 62 1546: — 1545: W: 48, N: 70 1544: W: 12, N: 52 1543: N: 5 1542: N: 24 1541: N: 15 1540: N: 22 1539: W: 22, N: 4 1538: W: 6, N: 10 1537: — 1536: N: 5 1535: N: 50 1534: — 1533: N: 35 1532: — 1531: N: 49 1530: N: 2 1529: N: 7 1528: W:110, N: 16 1527: — 1526: W: 40, N: 57 1525: W: 13, N: 74 1524: N: 27 1523: N: 22 1522: N: 5 1521: W: 28, N: 10 1520: N: 35 1519: N: 19 1518: N: 20 1517: N: 7 1516: N: 2 1515: W: 17, N: 7 1514: — 1513: W: 10, N:107 1512: N: 27 1511: N: 24 | Ingenuity Helicopter Images
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areoHDR app now availableThe areoHDR app is now available for iPhone, iPad and Apple Vision Pro showing the same HDR images as this website on mobiles with better navigation, zoom and a Mars calendar! On Vision Pro even with stereo 3d images. The app also works on Apple Macbooks since M1, a great alternative for those on Macbooks who want to see HDR without installing a web browser which supports it.HDRAll color images created by processing raw images taken by the Ingenuity Helicopter RTE Camera, and Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Left and Right NavCams, Front and rear HazCam pairs and Watson Camera are available on this website since sol 0, the landing day of Perseverance Rover on Mars. The images are shown in HDR (high dynamic range) on Chrome, Opera, Edge and Brave on Macbooks and iMacs since M1 / 2020 and recent Android phones. On Windows only if an HDR-capable display is attached. It uses JPEGs with embedded gain-maps to provide the full 12-bits/channel Navcam/Hazcam dynamic range. NavigationOn the browser use keys ↑ ↓ ← → ↵ (Enter) for fast browsing through the album pages.On mobiles swipe left, right and up for navigation through the album pages. Use the list on the left side to access the images. It is sorted by the Martian day (Sol) since landing, the 2nd entry shows the available color images for each Sol. Changelog
Color CalibrationThe intention of these images is to approximate the impression a human observer would have when standing on the surface of planet Mars. As of now, the image processing pipeline contains all technical steps to achieve this, but cannot be 100% scientifically validated as NASA doesn't have test images available taken on Earth under sunlight. All available test images have been either done only indoors under artifical light of low correlated color temperature not approximating sunlight or are only available in degraded quality JPEG and not in the raw camera sensor data needed for the validation. Currently, the only color-modifying processing applied for this website is a static color correcting 3x3 matrix based on calibration results of the current camera spectral characteristics and previous missions' Mars cameras. The color variation visible between individual images within one Sol is mainly caused by the variations in sunlight conditions over the day. Some of the earlier images below sol 100 suffer from non-compensated dynamic and static effects of the image sensor, for example static subpixel nonlinear exposure differences or dynamic sensor read-out effects which cannot be compensated for some early images due to missing metadata. The automated color processing algorithm used here is similar to the process done in commercial digital cameras when they are manually set to static daylight conditions by switching off the automatic white balance. Comparing images from the 1976 Viking Landers, 1997 Mars Pathfinder, 2004 Rovers Spirit and Opportunity and the 2012 Curiosity Rover revealed similar light conditions on the Martian surface as on a clear sky day on Earth. Just the total light intensite is lower, about 60% of Earth's. Technically it means, there is a close match between the relative calibration method, based on the Rover-attached color targets and the absolute calibration method based on the pre-flight camera spectral response measured under standard daylight illumination on Earth. Images taken during a clear day on Mars with the calibration applied on this website not only show the color perception a human on the planet would see by themselves, but also the colors a geologist on Earth would see when observing a Martian rock sample brought back to Earth and viewed during noon under a clear blue sky on Earth. During dust storm season, the relative and absolute calibrations don't match, but these conditions usually occur only for a few weeks per Martian year. They are characterized by diffuse reddish ambient illumination compared to the sharp and defined shadows during clear sky days.
Image ProcessingThe images are automatically created daily from raw data available at Mars Perseverance Raw Image Gallery. Processing pipeline:
The Ambigram LogoThe Ambigram Logo shown above on top of this page and the variant on areo.info were invented and created in December 2012 through January 2013 by Holger Isenberg. Published and © 2013 Holger Isenberg. Have you found the 2 hidden words in it? Related Resources
Cameras Documentation
Perseverance Rover and Ingenuity Helicopter Image Browsers
Perseverance Rover and Ingenuity Helicopter location map and visualization tools
Other Mars Missions Image Browsers and Visualization Tools
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A service provided by Areo Info LLC. Imprint & Data Privacy Information on main page: areo.info Image Credits: Automated color calibration and image processing by areo.info. Raw data from NASA / JPL-Caltech mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images.
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